极端油藏微生物多样性分析

Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Extreme Reservoirs

文章通过对哈得油田超高温、超高盐油藏油水样品中微生物种类多样性和优势菌群的研究,考察极端油藏内源微生物的分布特征,探讨生物采油技术在超高温、超高盐油藏条件下的应用可行性。采集哈得油田HD1-1H、HD1-9H、HD1-15H、HD1-21H和HD1-23H 5组水平井油水样,利用第二代高通量测序技术测定油水样品内微生物的16S rDNA V3-V4变异区序列,应用QIIME软件整理和统计样本序列数目和操作分类单元(OTUs)数量,分析物种的丰度、分布和多样性,以及不同井微生物物种多样性丰度的差异。哈得油水样中内源微生物资源丰富,5组油水样属水平的微生物类群数分别为196、199、184、212和220,微生物在分类种类和所占比例上具有显著差异。优势菌群中有多种明确的采油功能微生物,如芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、乳球菌属等。该研究明确了哈德油田具有较丰富的微生物采油物质基础,丰富了对超高温、超高盐极端油藏微生物多样性的认识,拓展了生物采油技术在极端油藏中的应用范围。

To study the diversity of endogenous microbial species and dominant microflora in oil-water samples of ultrahigh temperature and ultra-high salinity reservoirs in Hade Oilfield,the distribution characteristics of endogenous microbes in extreme reservoirs were investigated.Additionally,the feasibility of application of biotechnology enhanced oil recovery in extreme reservoirs was discussed.Five groups of water-oil samples were collected from the horizontal wells of HD1-1 H,HD1-9 H,HD1-15 H,HD1-21 H and HD1-23 H in Hade Oilfield.The second generation,high throughput sequencing technique was used to determine the 16 S rDNA V3-V4,meanwhile the QIIME software was used to analyze the abundance,distribution and diversity of species and the abundance of microbial species abundance in different wells by sorting the number of sample sequences and the number of operational taxonomic units(OTUs).The results showed that the endogenous microbial resources were rich in the Hade samples,and the number of microbial groups in the five samples was 196,199,184,212 and220,respectively.There were significant differences in the classification and proportion of microbes.Among the dominant bacteria,there are many functional microorganisms,such as Bacillus,Pseudomonas and Lactococcus.It is clear that the Hade Oilfield has abundant material base of microbial oil production.This study enriched the understanding of the microbial diversity of extreme reservoirs in ultra-high temperature and salinity,and expanded the application range of biotechnology enhanced oil recovery technology in extreme reservoirs.