大庆油田石油污染土壤磷酸酶促反应特征研究

Phosphatase Reaction Characteristics of Petroleum Pollution Soil in Daqing Oilfield

以松嫩草地距大庆油田工作区不同距离(1、5、15 km)的土壤为研究对象,探讨自然裸地和羊草修复后土壤磷酸酶促反应特征(动力学和热力学特征)的变化,得到以下研究结果:(1)裸地土壤酶活性、Vma(x酶促反应最大速度)值、Vmax/Km值(催化效率)表现为距石油区1 km处最大,显著高于5 km和15 km处的;E(a活化能)、ΔG(活化自由能)、ΔH(活化焓)、ΔS(活化熵)、Q1(0温度系数)表现为在1和5 km处较大,显著高于15 km处的。(2)羊草修复地土壤酶活性、Vmax值、Vmax/Km值表现为距石油区15 km处最大,显著大于1和5 km处的;Ea、ΔH、ΔS、Q10表现为1 km处最大,显著高于5和15 km处的。(3)不同羊草修复地土壤磷酸酶活性、Vmax值、Vmax/Km值和ΔG值均大于裸地,Ea、ΔH、ΔS均小于裸地。(4)随温度升高,羊草修复地和裸地土壤酶活性、Vmax值、Vmax/Km值、ΔG都有逐渐增加的趋势,而ΔH、ΔS、Q10有降低趋势。以上结果说明,石油污染对土壤磷酸酶酶促反应机制有较大影响,羊草修复和升温能够在一定程度上促进土壤磷酸酶的酶促反应。

The change of reaction characteristics(kinetic and thermodynamic)of soil phosphatase in natural bare land and Leymus chinensis restoration plot were studied by taking the soil of Songnen grassland at different distances(5 km,10 km,15 km)from working area of Daqing Oilfield.The results indicated that the soil enzyme activity,Vmax(maximum rate of enzymatic reaction),Vmax/Km(catalytic efficiency)in bare land were the highest at 1 km,which were significantly higher than that at 5 km and 15 km from the petroleum area.Ea(activation energy),ΔG(free energy of activation),ΔH(activation enthalpy),ΔS(activation entropy),Q10(temperature coefficient)were much larger at 1 km and 5 km,which was significantly higher than that of 15 km from the petroleum area.The soil enzyme activity,Vmax,Vmax/Kmin Leymus chinensis restoration plot were the highest at 15 km from petroleum area,which were significantly higher than that at 1 km and 5 km.Ea,ΔH,ΔS,Q10were larger at 1 km,which was significantly higher than that of 5 km and 15 km from the petroleum area.Soil phosphatase activity,Vmax,Vmax/Km,ΔG in different Leymus chinensis restoration plots were higher than that of bare land,Ea,ΔH,ΔS were smaller than that in bare land.The enzyme activity,Vmax,Vmax/Km,ΔG increased with the increase of temperature in Leymus chinensis remediation plot and bare land,whileΔH,ΔS,Q10decreased.The above results explained that petroleum pollution has great influence on the mechanism of soil phosphatase enzymatic reaction,the phytoremediation of Leymus chinensis and temperature increasing can promote soil phosphatase enzymatic reaction.