费用-效益法在环境影响经济损益分析中的应用

Application of Cost-Benefit Approach in Environmental Impact Economic Profit and Loss Analysis

环境影响经济损益分析作为中国建设项目环境影响评价中的重要组成部分,目前尚未能为环境影响评价提供较好的参考作用。该文通过介绍中国环境影响经济损益分析的重要意义和研究进展,系统梳理中国环境保护相关法律法规、环境影响评价技术导则总纲和行业环境影响评价技术导则中对环境影响经济损益分析的相关规定,发现其目前主要存在基本概念不清晰、货币化核算欠缺和分析体系混乱等问题,进而提出构建基于费用-效益法的环境影响经济损益分析体系的必要性。该文按照划定分析范围、识别主要影响、判断影响属性、量化和货币化影响指标、计算费用和效益现值以及比较项目环境影响经济损益等6个步骤进行体系构建,旨在为有效发挥环境影响经济损益分析的作用和进一步完善环境影响评价体制提供参考。

The analysis of environmental impact economic profit and loss of construction projects is an important part of the environmental impact assessment(EIA),which cannot provide enough reference for EIA at present.This paper illustrated the significance and research progress of environmental impact economic profit and loss analysis in China,and summarized its development in laws and regulations related to environmental protection,technical guidelines for EIA-general programme and technical guidelines for industrial EIA.Several significant problems still existed in the economic profit and loss analysis in China at present,such as unclear basic concepts,lack of monetization consciousness and confusion of the analysis system.Advantages of economic benefit and loss analysis system based on cost-benefit approach were proposed as well.This study constructed the system of environmental impact economic profit and loss analysis based on cost-benefit approach by the following six steps,including delimiting the scope of analysis,identifying the main impacts,judging the attributes of impacts,quantifying and monetizing the impact indicators,calculating the present value of costs and benefits and comparing environmental impact of projects with economic benefits and costs.This paper could improve and provide a reference for the study of economic impact analysis of the EIA system in China.