宋代建茶文化初探

A Preliminary Study on Fujian Tea Culture in Song Dynasty

宋代,'天下之茶建为最,建之北苑又为最''建溪官茶天下绝',北苑龙凤团茶'金可有,而茶不可得'。据北宋著名茶人丁谓旧著记载,北苑官私茶焙1336所。茶叶制造分采茶、拣茶、蒸茶、榨茶、研茶、造茶、过黄等工序,有大龙凤茶、小龙凤茶、密云龙、瑞云翔龙、龙园胜雪等极品,品种最多时达40多种。在宋代,经丁谓、蔡襄和宋徽宗赵佶等人提倡斗茶之风极盛。炙茶、碾茶、罗茶、候汤、熁盏、点茶,以茶汤色、香、味决出茶叶品次。宋徽宗提炼并提倡清、和、淡、静茶道精神,流传到日本,发展成日本'四规七则'的茶道。宋元时期建茶文化为中国茶文化的一个高峰。

In Song Dynasty, 'the Fujian tea is the best in the world, the Beiyuan tea is the best in Fujian', 'the official tea of Jianxi is the best in the world', as saying that 'the gold is available but the tea-ball of dragon and phoenix in regiment of Beiyuan is not available'. According to Ding Wei’s recording, a famous tea man in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 1336 private tea workshops in Beiyuan. Tea manufacture includes picking tea, steaming tea, pressing tea, grinding tea, making tea, passing yellow and other processes, such as big dragon and Phoenix tea, small dragon and Phoenix tea, Miyunlong, Ruiyun Xianglong, Longyuan Shengxue and so on,there were a maximum variety of more than 40 kinds. In Song Dynasty, Ding Wei, Cai Xiang,Emperor Zhao Ji and others advocated the custom of fighting tea. Grilled tea, crushed tea, sifted tea, boiled water,baking cups, order tea, with tea soup color, fragrance and taste determined the rank of tea. Emperor Zhao Ji refined tea and advocated the style of the 'tea spirit' with 'weakness', 'calm', 'harmony'. And it spread to Japan, developed into a Japanese 'four rules' and 'seven rules' of tea ceremony. Fujian tea culture in Song and Yuan dynasties was a peak of Chinese tea culture.