国民政府的药物标准统一工作——以药典的筹备、编纂和推行为中心

Nationalist Government's Unification of Drug Standards——Centring on the Preparation,Compilation and Promotion of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia

药物关系民众生命健康,而民国早期,中国尚缺乏与本国国情和近代药学发展进程相适应的药物使用标准。为了解决由此造成的用药混乱、监管困难等问题,加之药物标准化的全球浪潮的影响,国民政府卫生部在部分药学人士和官员的建议下,组织编纂了北洋政府时期拟编而未竟的国家性药典,即《中华药典》。该药典之编纂始于1929年初,同年8月底草成,次年4月下旬编定,是为民国时期唯一一部国家性药典。由于编纂人员不足、时间仓促、审核敷衍、鲜收中药等因素,药典问世后在对社会药事和药学学术带来深远影响的同时,也陆续引起了诸多论争。然而无论是论争、编纂过程,还是药典的内容,中医和中药的传统理论与经验都处于边缘化甚至被忽视的境地,取而代之的是近代科学认识论下的知识体系和话语权。

Drugs are associated with public health. But there was a lack of standards in use of drugs compatible with national conditions and modern pharmacology in early Republican China. This situation led to the issues like confusion of uses of drugs and difficulties in supervision,which,coupled with the influence of the global trend in the standardisation of drugs,prompted the Ministry of Health of the Nationalist Government to compile a national pharmacopoeia( i. e. Chinese Pharmacopoeia) at the suggestion of some pharmacologists and officials. The Beiyang Government once planned but failed to compile such a pharmacopoeia. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia was the only national pharmacopoeia in the Republican period,compiled at the beginning of 1929,preliminarily finished at the end of August of the same year,and finalised in late April the following year. Following the release of this pharmacopoeia,it not only brought profound influence on pharmaceutical practice and pharmacology,but also caused controversy and discussion in succession due to factors such as staff shortage,a lack of enough time,halfhearted review,and scant attention paid to Chinese drugs. In view of the discussion,compilation and content of the pharmacopoeia,however,Chinese physicians and traditional materia medica theories and experience were actually marginalised or even ignored in the pharmacopoeia;instead,modern scientific epistemology dominated the knowledge and discourse power.