试论20世纪以来语言批评的文化转向问题

A Study on Cultural Turn of Language Criticism since the Twentieth Century

20世纪以来,语言批评逐渐从原来的形式批评转向语言的文化研究。其文化转向基本表现为:由内部研究转向外部研究、由语言静态研究转向语言动态研究、由语言工具论转向"语言本体论"。当语言进入文化转向后,语言批评的功能被扩大化的同时,语言的话语批评局限性随之凸显,具体呈现为语言表征难度加大,对语言的过度释放和自由拼贴引发文学批评的反思,以及不可言说的思想与意义被普遍忽视,致使语言批评面临表述的困境。

Since the 20 th century,criticism of language has gradually shifted from the original form criticism to the problem of cultural study of language. The basic manifestations of its cultural turn are shown as follow: from internal research to external research; from the static research of language to the dynamic research of language; from the language tool theory to 'language ontology'. When the language gets into the cultural shift,the function of language criticism has been expanded at the same time,the limitations of the language discourse criticism are highlighted,specifically for the difficulty of language representation,the excessive release and free collage of the language caused the reflection of literary criticism,and also,the unspeakable thought and meaning are generally ignored,which results in language criticism facing the plight of the expression.