姚广孝对程朱排佛论的回应

YAO-Guangxiao's Response to the Anti-Buddhism Theory of Cheng-Zhu

姚广孝的一生颇为传奇,他既是佛教学者,又是一代名臣,还是江湖术士。作为佛教学者,姚广孝对以程朱为代表的宋儒排佛之论展开了回应,他批评宋儒因私废公,排斥佛教却并未真正明了佛教义理,而是出于私心,是邪诐之辞。其《道余录》针对《二程遗书》和《朱子语类》中的排佛论逐一展开回应,以佛教立场对宋儒排佛论进行集中回应反驳,具有很高的学术价值。在明代儒佛交涉深入的历史背景下,姚广孝准确把握了佛教的宗教特质,在这个基础上,辨析佛教与儒道二教的差异才能够深入。也正是基于对佛教区别于儒道发展的特殊价值的深刻认识,对三教关系的发展方向的思考才能摆脱庸俗的三教融合说而做出更有价值的探索。姚广孝的《道余录》因其辨析儒佛关系在明清时期产生了深远的影响,云栖祩宏、李贽以及南源性派等人都对其辨析佛儒、批判程朱的思想给予了高度肯定。

YAO-Guangxiao led an astonishing? life. He was a Buddhist scholar,a famous? minister,and he was also an alchemist. As a Buddhist scholar,YAO-Guangxiao responded to the Anti-Buddhism Theory represented by Cheng-Zhu school. He criticized the Song Confucianists for their self-seeking. He even argued that the Song Confucianists did not really understand Buddhism,but rather was selfish. His monograph Daoyulu made an immediate response to their Anti-Buddhism Theory which was recorded on the Erchengyishu and the Zhuziyulei. His thought had a high academic value. In the Buddhism and Confucianism Communication intensive historical background,YAO-Guangxiao grasped the Buddhist religious characteristics. On this basis,the difference between Buddhism and Confucianism could be deeply explored. It was because of his profound understanding of the special value of Buddhism and Confucianism and Taoism. YAO-Guangxiao' s thinking on the development of the relationship between the three religions could get rid of the vulgar integration of the three religions,so as to made more valuable exploration. Daoyulu has had a profound impact in the Ming and Qing Dynasties because of its discrimination on the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism. Yunqizhuhong,LI-Zhi and Nanyuanxingpai gave a high degree of recognition to him because of his discrimination and criticism of Cheng-Zhu school's thought.