数字化时代背景下空间人文方法在景观史研究中的应用

Spatial Humanities in Landacpe History Studies in the Digital Era

本文梳理了"空间人文"的发展历程,强调了GIS应用所带来的新思路与技术发展,已经可以通过以空间化和数量化的手段对史前与历史时期自然环境与人之间的互动这类"非定量"的时空现象进行有效的分析与表述,进而从新的角度讨论"景观"和"场所"。从若干个基于GIS技术的景观史研究案例出发,就"文本与档案的标注与再现"、"景观与空间的认知描述"、"景观中所表达的社会与权力的分析"3个层面,讨论了"空间人文"带来的景观史研究的新途径。并呼应学界新近提出的"深度制图"概念,对超越GIS传统方法进行景观史的研究提出了展望。

The research paper reviews development of "spatial humanities" as both academic concept and operational approach. Methodological and technical developments of GIS have brought a new domain. In order to discuss history of "landscape" and "place", GIS may serve as spatial and quantitative approaches for describing and analyzing "non-quantitative" spatial-temporal phenomena, such as interactions between natural environment and human beings in prehistory and historical records. Several landscape history research cases based on GIS are selected and discussed in three categories, including "mapping and visualization of text and archive", "perception and cognition of landscape and space", and "society and power derived from landscape". These cases illustrate a few new approaches based on spatial humanity paradigm. The idea of "deep mapping" proposed recently in this domain has a potential beyond traditional GIS approach in landscape history study. It will introduce new perspectives to professionals to raise innovative research questions.