18世纪上半叶查尔斯·布里奇曼和威廉·肯特对英国罗斯海姆园的改造设计研究

Charles Bridgeman and William Kent's Redesign of Rousham in UK in the first half of 18th Century

罗斯海姆园是18世纪英国自然风景式园林设计的早期作品,主要由查尔斯·布里奇曼和威廉·肯特改造设计,是早期英国自然风景园的代表作之一。在文献阅读和实地调研的基础上,梳理了布里奇曼和肯特改造罗斯海姆园的2个历史发展阶段。通过分析改造设计的内容,发现布里奇曼奠定了罗斯海姆园的整体布局,肯特在此基础上进一步通过视线的处理、建筑小品的运用、哲理氛围的营造等几方面进行改造。从布里奇曼进行的改造设计到肯特对景观的提升,罗斯海姆园的发展演变也展现了英国自然风景园从不规则造园的孕育期到真正风景式园林形成期的特征和发展历程。

Rousham Garden, designed by Charles Bridgeman and William Kent, is an early representative of English landscape garden design works in the 18 th century. Based on relevant papers and field researches, this paper analyzes the two historical development stages of Bridgeman and Kent’s redesign of Rousham Garden.With the analysis of the redesign, it comes to the conclusion that Bridgeman laid down the overall layout of Rousham Garden and Kent further improved the landscape by means of view design, layout of architecture and sculpture, and the creation of philosophical atmosphere. Charles Bridgeman and William’s redesign of Rousham reflects the basic characteristics and development process from the irregular gardening incubation period to the real forming period of early English landscape gardens.