雨洪调蓄视角下的城市人工湖水量平衡景观设计方法研究

Study on Water Balance Landscape Design Method for Urban Artificial Lakes from the Perspective of Rainwater and Flood Regulation and Storage

作为水生态基础设施之一的城市人工湖,可以通过自身水量平衡的调节实现雨洪调蓄功能。但是当前城市人工湖规划建设普遍存在水量难以维持的矛盾。在厘清城市人工湖水量平衡基本原理与空间尺度的前提下,借助城市人工湖与自然湖泊水文循环过程的对比研究,构建出人工湖水量平衡过程,进而分析其8项水量平衡要素的影响因子及调控可行性,并从风景园林专业可控的视角,将城市人工湖水文循环过程与景观要素进行耦合,建立起以水量平衡为目标的城市人工湖景观设计导则,通过"空间结构对位"和"物质载体对应"2个设计步骤实现水量调控。以期为城市人工湖水量保持的现实问题提供普适性的规划设计方法体系,拓展水生态基础设施研究领域的范畴,为"海绵城市"的建设提供理论借鉴与实践参考。

Urban artificial lakes, as one of the water ecological infrastructure, can realize the function of stormwater regulation and storage through the regulation of water balance. However, there is a general contradiction featuring great difficulty in maintaining water quantity in urban artificial lakes planning and construction now. On the premise of clarifying the basic principle and hydrological scale of water balance of urban artificial lakes, this paper constructs the water balance process of artificial lakes by virtue of the comparative study of hydrological cycle process between urban artificial lakes and natural lakes. It analyzes the factors of its eight water balance of impact factor and the feasibility of the control, and from the landscape architecture specialty of controllable perspective, urban artificial lakes hydrological cycle and the landscape elements to correlation analysis, sets up urban lake landscape design guideline aiming at water balance, through 'counterpoint to the spatial structure'and 'corresponding to the material carrier' of two steps to realize water regulation. It is hoped that it can provide a universal planning and design method system for solving practical problems of water conservation of urban artificial lakes, expand the scope of research on water ecological infrastructure, and provide theoretical and practical reference for the construction of 'sponge cities'.