武陵源世界遗产地声景感知及影响感知的要素研究

Research of Soundscape Perception in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site and Influence Factor

保护地的声景具有重要价值。声景感知是衡量保护地声景质量的有效工具之一。声景感知受到声景环境、声源构成、主导音等要素影响,也会对人们环境感知的可接受度、情绪等方面产生影响。已有对城市和乡村环境中主导音、听觉对视觉及情绪影响等方面的研究,但对保护地中声景感知及影响感知的要素研究较为缺乏。以武陵源世界遗产地的声景为对象,通过听音实验,相关性分析、对比分析得出武陵源声景的总体特点。可知武陵源声环境中导游喇叭和谈话的声音是感知频率高且接受度最低的声源,因而在保护管理中应予以重视和控制。武陵源世界遗产地内乡村环境中的鸟鸣、流水等自然声源的可接受度要高于武陵源中纯自然环境中的同等声源的可接受度。在低噪声环境下,高感知频率的声源与主导音不一致,即被感知频率高的声源不一定是主导音。并通过相关性分析,得出声景与情绪感知与性格之间存在相关性,且不同声景环境中的自然声源均能使性格'内向安静'和'易焦虑的人'感到'放松''舒适'和'多样丰富'。最后,基于上述结论,提出了对武陵源声景价值认知的策略和保护管理的建议。

The soundscape of protected areas has high values.Soundscape perception,one of the effective tools to measure the quality of protected soundscapes,is influenced by factors such as the soundscape environment,composition of sound sources,and dominant sounds.It also affects the acceptability and emotions of people’s environmental perceptions.There have been studies on dominant sounds,auditory visual and emotional influences in urban and rural environments.But there is a lack of research on the elements of soundscape perception and impact perception in protected areas.This study takes the soundscape of Wulingyuan World Heritage Site as the object and,through listening experiments,correlation analysis and comparative analysis,obtains the overall characteristics of Wulingyuan soundscapes.It shows that the sounds of guide horns and the conversation in the Wuling source sound environment are the sound sources with high perceived frequency and lowest acceptability,so they should be stressed and controlled in the protection management.The acceptability of natural sound sources,such as birds and flowing water in the rural environment of Wulingyuan World Heritage Site,is higher than that of the same sound sources in the pure natural environment of Wulingyuan.In a low-noise environment,the sound sources with high perceived frequency are inconsistent with the dominant sounds,that is,the sound sources with a high perceived frequency are not necessarily the dominant sounds.Through correlation analysis,the study also finds the existence correlation between soundscape and emotional perception and personality,and concludes that natural sound sources in different acoustic environments can make the character'introverted quiet'and'anxious people'feel'relaxed','comfortable'and'diversified and rich'.Finally,based on the above conclusions,it puts forward the strategies and protection management suggestions for Wulingyuan soundscape values.