土地国有化、农业集体化、全面国有化——四论马克思恩格斯的国有制理论与现实

Marx and Engels' State ownership Theory and Practice

本文系统描述了从马克思 ,到列宁 ,到斯大林 ,农村社会主义变革的理论和政策的演变。俄国农村变革破坏了原有的商品粮供应机制 ,但没有及时建立起新的机制。由此造成的粮食收购危机是推动苏维埃俄国走向全面国有化的直接推动力 ;推行以高速度优先发展重工业为中心环节的赶超战略是更深层次的推动力。加上当时人们对什么是社会主义的理解等因素 ,使以全面国有化为基本框架的苏联模式成为当时最可能的一种选择。这种全面国有化并非是生产社会化的要求 ,而是推行赶超战略和解决粮食收购危机而实行的制度安排。

This article systemically describes the development of theory and policies of socialist reform in rural from Marx, Lenin to Stalin. Rural reform in Russian destructed the original mechanism of commodity grain providence, but didn't set up a new mechanism in time. This caused the crisis of grain purchasing and drove the Soviet Russian to all around nationalization. This kind of nationalization is not the requirement of socialization of production, but the system arrangement of the catching up and surpassing strategy with heavy industry oriented development.