五起水痘局部暴发疫情的流行特征分析

Epidemic Feature Analysis of 5 Cases of Chickenpox in some Outbreak Areas

对 2 0 0 1年发生在我区小学的五起水痘局部暴发疫情的流行特征分析 ,结果显示 :水痘好发于 2～ 5月冬春季节 ,呈季节性流行的倾向 ,在易感人群集簇的小学等集体单位中容易形成暴发。在自然流行状态下 ,流行早期传播往往仅限于同班中 ,罹患率可达 2 7 5 %～ 10 0 % ,而以整个学校为单位则为 6 4 7%。由于水痘主要以显性感染为主 ,提示水痘的发生主要与易感者同传染源的接触频度与程度有关 ,在未大面积推广对易感者接种水痘疫苗前 ,通过采取及时隔离病人等综合性措施 ,是阻止水痘暴发流行的有效措施。

The epidemic feature analysis of five cases of chickenpox in the local elementary school in the areas with the outbreak of chickenpox in 2001. Conclusion chickenpox is easily spread from February to May, and has seasonality epidemic tendency. It easily broke out among susceptible population at schools or factories.Normally, the early stage of epidemic is only restricted to the same class, with the attack rate of 27 5%～100% in the same class and about 6 47% of the whole school. Because chickenpox is transmitted by direct contact, therefore the outbreak of chickenpox depends on how close and often of the susceptible person contact with the patients. Before the vaccination of the susceptible population, the best way to control the spread of chickenpox is to isolate patients in time.