秦汉简牍法律用语中的省称

Abbreviation of Legal Terms on the Bamboo Slips in Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉简牍法律文献,以睡虎地秦简和张家山汉简中的法律文献为主体,此外还有龙岗秦简以及一些汉简中的散见法律文献等。这些简牍材料中的一些语言现象颇有特色,常用省称就是秦汉简牍法律用语的一个特点。通过文献资料考证,"斩为城旦"为"斩左止(趾)为城旦"的省称;"罚二月"为"罚资劳二个月"的省称;"院"为"越院"的省称,"夏"为"去夏"的省称;"去"为"去署"的省称;"典"为"里典"的省称;"老"为"伍老"的省称,又为"免老"的省称。明确这些省称,对于准确理解秦汉律文及了解中国古代法制,会大有裨益。

Of the linguistic characteristics of legal materials on bamboo slips in Qin and Han dynasties,abbreviation is remarkable. Through textual research, the writer of this article finds that 'zhan wei cheng dan'is abbreviated from 'zhan zuo zhi wei cheng dan', 'fa er yue' from 'fa zi lao er ge yue', 'yuan' from 'yue yuan'and 'xia' from 'qu xia', 'qu' is from 'qu shu, 'dian' from 'li dian', 'lao' from 'wu lao' and' mian lao'. The knowledge of these abbreviations will help us correctly understand the legal texts of Qin and Han dynasties and better know ancient China's legal system.