贵州水族马尾绣的传承与保护——基于中和镇拉佑村的调查

Inheritance and Protection of Horsetail Embroidery of Shui Ethnic Group in Guizhou——A Survey based on Layou Village of Zhonghe Town

贵州三都水族马尾绣是一种民间刺绣技艺。经过对三都水族自治县中和镇拉佑村的实地调查得知,水族马尾绣技艺传承保护的模式主要是:家庭传承模式是马尾绣技艺传承的主要方式;政府开设培训班是马尾绣技艺传承的新模式;马尾绣产业化为技艺传承提供了物质基础和现实动力。马尾绣传承保护存在的问题在于:精通马尾绣技艺的传承人严重缺乏;马尾绣产业未形成规模,经济收益不足以支撑传承发展;技术创新能力不足,未能获得市场的认同。基于这些发现提出以下建议:保护技艺精湛的马尾绣传承人,为其技艺保护和传承创造条件;创新人才培养模式,完善人才培养机制;采取多种方式对马尾绣技艺进行技术创新。

Horsetail Embroidery is a folk embroidery of Shui ethnic groups in Sandu Shui Autonomous County of Guizhou Province.Through the field investigation of Layou Village,Zhonghe Town,Sandu Shui Autonomous County,the writers of this article find that the modes of inheritance and protection of horsetail embroidery technique mainly include:family inheritance,training course offered by the government;and industrialization of the embroidery.The problems existing in the inheritance and protection lie in the serious lack of inheritors proficient in horse-tail embroidery,the lack of scale in the embroidery industry and the insufficient economic benefits to support the inheritance and development,the insufficient ability of technological innovation,and the failure to obtain the recognition of the market.Based on these findings,the following suggestions are put forward:to protect the skilled inheritors,to create conditions for the protection and inheritance of their skills,to innovate the mode of personnel training,to perfect the mechanism of talent training,and to adopt various ways to carry on the technical innovation.