从美学革命到审美治理:美学的社会学转向和当代批评的现实介入力量

From Aesthetic Revolution to Aesthetic Governance: Sociological Turn of Aesthetics and Intervention Force of Contemporary Criticism in Reality

'审美治理'是马克思主义理论家托尼·本尼特提出的重要观点,极大程度地削弱了社会力量的尖锐对抗,成为当代马克思主义美学更巧妙地应对当下现实问题的策略。在审美治理的思想中,审美和艺术以一种有异于自身的'表象'形式参与了社会和感知经验的历史形构。而当代美学语境益加复杂,网络时代的到来开创了新的传播方式和批评空间,互联网的共享和互动机制等极大地改变着人们的视听方式、情感结构和审美体验。当代文化和艺术在审美意义和审美价值方面的多元性、流动性和叠合性,决定了批评的阐释功能在引领当代审美话语转型,促成当代情感结构的重塑,以及形成文化共同体等方面发挥着重要作用。在当代理论语境中,批评与美学呈现出逐渐走向融合的趋势,最终使当代批评作为一种审美治理的策略,成为介入现实的治理力量。这不仅让我们认识到批评的功能将成为未来理论家研究问题的方法和手段的发展趋势,对当代审美教育和批评的不断边缘化起到一定的纠偏和弥补作用,而且对如何实践社会治理、构建人类命运共同体等议题,具有直接的理论意义和学术价值。

'Aesthetic governance'is an important viewpoint put forward by Marxist theorist Tony Bennett,which has greatly weakened the sharp confrontation of social forces and has become a strategy for contemporary Marxist aesthetics to deal with the present reality more skillfully.In the thought of aesthetic governance,aesthetics and art participate in the historical structure of social and perceptual experience in a form that is different from their own'appearance'.However,the complexity of contemporary aesthetic context and the arrival of the network era have created a new way of communication and criticism space,and the sharing and interaction mechanism of the Internet have greatly changed people’s audio-visual way,emotional structure and aesthetic experience.The diversity,mobility and overlap of contemporary culture and art in aesthetic meaning and aesthetic value have determined that the interpretation function of criticism plays an important role in leading the transformation of contemporary aesthetic discourse,promoting the reconstruction of contemporary emotional structure and forming cultural community.In the context of the contemporary theory,the criticism and the aesthetics show a tendency of integration,which has finally caused contemporary criticism,as an aesthetic governance strategy,to become a governing force to intervene in reality.This enables us to realize that the function of the criticism will be the developing trend of the method,which not only plays some part in correcting and remedying the increasing marginalization of aesthetic education and criticism,but also has direct theoretical significance and academic value in how to practice social governance and construct human destiny community.