中世纪英国令状制度与普通法的发展

English Writ System In Middle Ages and Development of Common Law

本文以中世纪令状制度为考察对象,首先对令状制度所赖以产生的外部"环境",即其历史背景进行分析;然后探讨了令状制度自身内部发展演变的情况,目的即在于向国内读者介绍这一对英国普通法的形成和发展具有重要意义的制度。本文将令状制度视为特定民族文化心理的一种反映和延伸,视为综合时代背景的产物,希望以此为切入点呼吁读者认清传统与现代之间的关联,要适时地对传统给予关注与回归。当然,对传统的回归不应该是简单的复原,而应是新时代背景下进行的更新解读,是一种带有将民族文化个性与时代特征相结合的超越性质的解读。

This article is on the English writ system in the Middle Ages. It observes and explores the outside"surroundings"on which the writ system has been based,that is to say,its historical background.Also,the article attaches importance to the growing and changing situation inside the writ system. Finally,the article introduces and relates the influence of the writ on the English legal culture.The author regards the system as a reflection or an extension of certain national cultural mentality,and as an outcome of comprehensive settings,so forms of action made up of writs are not mere rubrics nor dead categories,they are not the outcome of a classificatory process that has been applied to pre-existing materials.From the history,recognizing and analyzing a system,in fact,is to recognize and analyze ourselves.In the end,the aim of the article lies in calling on people to pay attention to the connecting relation between the tradition and the modernization,in a degree,it is a kind of returning to the tradition.Our futures have been lying in the last,what is needed to do is to seek and discover patiently.