中国地方性刑事证据规则的形成逻辑

The formation logic of China's local criminal evidence rules

地方性刑事证据规则在当下中国的刑事司法实践中发挥着重要作用,但学术界对于地方性刑事证据规则的关注与各地司法实务机关倾注的努力严重不相匹配,并且往往持有一种简单化的批判态度。本文力图从非规范化与规范化两个维度重新审视地方性刑事证据规则的形成逻辑。地方层面对于冤假错案的应激性反应、政绩意识主导下地方司法实务机关的主动作为、重大刑事案件的强化以及新兴案件的推动作用共同构成催生地方性刑事证据规则的非规范化因素。而人权保障话语的兴起、审判权相对自主性的彰显、对抗制审判中辩护律师作用的显现以及司法责任制的反向激励作用,在规范层面进一步促进了地方性刑事证据规则的形成。

The local criminal evidence rules play an important role in China’s current criminal justice practice.However the academic community’s attention to local criminal evidence rules is severely incompatible with the efforts of local judicial practice authorities,and often holds a simplistic critical attitude.This thesis aims to re-examine the formation logic of local criminal evidence rules from the both dimensions of denormalization and normalization.The stress response to the false and wrong cases at the local level,the initiative of the local judicial practice authorities under the leadership of political achievements,the strengthening of major criminal cases,and the promotion of emerging cases jointly constitute the factors of denormalization that promote the local criminal evidence rules.The rise of human rights protection discourse,the manifestation of the relative autonomy of judicial power,the emergence of the role of defense lawyers in adversarial trials,and the reverse incentive effect of judicial accountability have further promoted the formation of local criminal evidence rules from the perspective of normalization.