非法证据排除：实效与改进——基于《非法证据排除规程》的试点运行

Exclusion of illegally obtained evidence: Effectiveness and improvement——A view based on the tryout of the rules of excluding illegally obtained evidence

《非法证据排除规程》的出台,旨在规范人民法院排除非法证据程序,以准确惩罚犯罪,切实保障人权,有效防范冤错案件。随着该项规程的实施,非法证据排除规则取得了一定的可喜成绩,促进了庭审实质化的提高,但也曝露出一系列问题,典型者有非法证据的界定不明确、侦查人员出庭遇有诸多障碍以及'当庭裁决原则'面临的诸多质疑等。应当对试行中反映出来的难题和困境进行理论上的反思,审慎对待未纳入非法证据排除规则适用范围的争议证据,对欺骗、引诱取证及毒树果实等进行厘清,明确出庭侦查人员的身份和地位,坚持对证据合法性审查的'当庭裁决原则'。

The Rules of Excluding Illegally Obtained Evidence(REIOE)are intended to standardize the procedures that the people’s courts must follow to rule out illegal evidence,to accurately punish crimes,to effectively protect human rights,and to efficiently prevent wrongful convictions.The application of the REIOE has achieved remarkable success and promoted the essentialism of court hearing,but a series of problems has been exposed to the open air.Typical problems include vague definition of illegally obtained evidence,numerous obstacles that prevent the investigators testifying,and many queries raised against the principle of'On Court Verdict'.Theoretical reflection should be conducted to resolve the dilemmas and difficulties exposed in the tryout of the REIOE.For example,due caution should be exercised in distinguishing the evidence which shall be excluded but is not within the scope of the REIOE,the definition of the evidence obtained by deception or elicitation and the evidence obtained under the doctrine of Fruit of the Poisonous Tree should be clarified,the identity and status of the testifying investigators should be specified,and the principle of'On Court Verdict'in the investigation of the legality of evidence should be upheld.