增材制造技术制备生物植入材料的研究进展

Research progress on preparation of biological implant materials by additive manufacturing

增材制造技术突破了传统模具加工工艺的限制,可用于高效个性化定制生物医用材料。近年来,医学上对骨骼修复和移植的个性化需求显著增加,增材制造可满足该定制化的需求,促使增材制造技术在生物医用材料领域占据重要地位。随着材料科学技术和计算机辅助技术(CAD/CAM)的发展,可用于增材制造的生物植入材料不再局限于钛系、钽系、钴铬钼等合金,聚醚醚酮、磷酸钙盐等非金属类材料因良好的生物相容性也得到了广泛应用,增材制造技术制备仿生人造骨植入体成为新的研究热点。本文介绍了增材制造技术的原理,对激光、电子束、光固化等增材制造技术进行了比较,并阐述了增材制造在生物植入体和医疗器械方面的应用现状,对增材制造技术在医疗领域的应用及发展做了展望。

Additive manufacturing technology breaks through the limitations of traditional mold processing technology,and it is an important method for the efficiently customizing biomedical materials.Recently,the personalization needs of medical bone repair and transplantation have increased significantly.The customized and individualized advantages gradually promote the additive manufacturing technology to play an important role in the field of biomedical materials.With the development of materials science and computer aided technology(CAD/CAM),the biological implant materials used for additive manufacturing are no longer limited to the alloys such as titanium alloys,tantalum alloys,and vitallium.Because of good biocompatibility,the non-metal materials such as polyetheretherketone(PEEK)and calcium phosphate are widely used in biomaterials.The preparation of artificial bone implants by additive manufacturing technology has become a new research hotspot.The principle of additive manufacturing technology was reviewed,and the manufacturing techniques by laser,electron beam,and photocuring were compared in this paper.The application status of additive manufacturing in biological implants and medical devices was introduced,and the development prospects of additive manufacturing technology in medical field were prospected.