比较文学的学科定位及元—泛比较文学论

The New Definition of Comparative Literature as Ontological-Hybrid Comparative Literature

比较文学界何以出现反对人们进行文学比较这种怪现象 ?谜底在于 :18-19世纪西方历史比较语言学派通过历史比较的实证方法 ,描述世界许多民族语言是如何相互影响、衍变的 ,以便勾勒出国际语言之间的关系史和谱系树。Litt啨ｒａｔｕｒｅＣｏｍｐａｒ啨ｅ(旧译“比较文学”)这个概念就结胎于这样一种历史语境。传统比较文学和历史比较语言学二者都强调影响研究和关系史研究。误创的学科名称Litt啨ｒａｔｕｒｅＣｏｍｐａｒ啨ｅ理所当然地被误读和误译成了“比较文学” ,后来却又歪打正着地孳乳出了更为名副其实的比较文学学派。澄清这种错综复杂的学科命名的纠葛 ,有助于揭示出中西文学比较在国际比较文学研究中特殊的比较价值。

This paper has examined the differences of principles governing the naming of comparative literature as a scientific discipline in perspective of the development of historical comparative linguistics. The so called misreading or misinterpretation of the name littérature comparée actually stems from the misnomer of the original term itself and ironically scores a lucky hit on the true target of studies in comparative literature, i.e. literariness, or esthetical judgment upon literary works written in different tongues. The paper has thus advanced a theory of comparative literature in terms of ontological quasi hybrid literature studies and thereby the author offers an objective criticism of both French and American schools while outlining the promising prospect of Sino Occidental comparative literature studies in the 21st century.