世贸法律规则和中国司法审查

WTO Rules and Judicial Review in China

司法审查是现代法治国家所普遍采用的一项法律制度。入世后 ,如果法院不能真正独立公正地行使司法审查权 ,其他成员可据此寻求世贸组织争端解决机制予以裁决。世贸协议如《关税与贸易总协定 1994》、《反倾销协议》、《服务贸易总协定》、《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》等都对司法审查作明确规定 ;中国加入世贸组织法律文件对司法审查也作了规定。中国《行政诉讼法》、《行政复议法》、《专利法》(修改 )、《商标法》(修改 )也都有规定 ,但与世贸法律规则相比 ,差别很大。主要在可诉权范围不一、原告诉权保护范围不一、当事人权利范围不一、司法审查范围广度不一、司法审查程序不一。如何使司法审查符合我国国情 ,又与世贸法律规则相吻合 。

Judicial review has been generally adopted by modern law governed countries. After China's accession into the WTO, other member governments may resort to the dispute settlement body of the WTO for a settlement if the Chinese court fails to enforce the power of judicial review fairly and independently. The WTO agreements such as 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994', 'Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994' (about dumping), 'General Agreement on Trade in Services', and 'Trade related Agreenent on Intellectual Property Rights' have formulated definite provisions regarding judicial review. 'Protocol on the Accession of the People's Republic of China' also provides regulations about judicial review. Still, the laws of the People's Republic of China such as Administrative Procedure Law, Regulations on Administrative Reconsideration, Patent Law (Amended), and Trademark Law (Amended) have rules concerning judicial review. The differences mainly exist in the scope of application, the protection of the plaintiff, the rights of parties concerned, and the extension and the procedure of the review itself. Therefore, after the accession, one of the challenges China will probably face is how to implement judicial review in line with China's national conditions as well as WTO rules.