从日常到节日:上海“八八”父亲节活动研究(1945-1948)

From Common to Festival:A Case Study on Commemorative Activities for the Chinese Father's Day(1945-1948)

节日及其庆祝、纪念活动,是人们在特定时期表达价值观念、道德伦理和审美情趣的重要途径。抗战胜利后期直至1948年,由上海社会名流倡议设立的父亲节及其纪念活动持续举办。活动组织者凭借极富内涵的程序设计,不仅使日常生活中备受尊敬的父亲在中国有了专属的节日,而且提倡子女和所有的后辈子孙在这一特殊时刻公开表达对父亲的孝敬和对国家的忠诚,鼓励各界人士救助遗孤以纪念因投身抗日战争而逝去的父兄。部分参与者还号召男性做慈父贞夫、遵守"父道",形成对男性气质的现代规训。在政府、社会团体和各界人士的互动中,父亲节的形式和内涵不断丰富。这使"父亲"的主体身份担负的长辈、兄弟、子女和国家、民族等家国使命及责任逐步明晰,既强化了男性对现代意义的忠孝、慈善、父道等价值理念的建构,又是对"父亲"主体身份的进一步丰富和完善。

Special days and related commemorative activities are important time and ways for people to express their values,ethics and aesthetic taste.At the beginning of August in 1945,patriotic people and socialites in Shanghai proposed to the Nationalist Government at the time and the public to set August 8th as Chinese Fathefs Day and hold commemorative activities.The organizers of the commemorative activities made it in a way to have the participation of political and business people,social groups and general public in a celebration to not only reaffirm the day for fathers,but also contribute to a continuous evaluation and interpretation of the values and contents of being a father.This participation might encourage children and youth to openly express their filial piety respect to their fathers and loyalty to the country.It might also encourage people from to engage in charity to help orphans and commemorate those men who died during the war.Participants also called upon fathers to adhere to the standard of a good father"and the code of men's conducts.The interactions of the government t social organizations and people of different people in these commemorative activities enriched the meanings of Father's day.Fathers as a group were encouraged to acquire a clear sense of obligation and knowledge about how to treat their elders,brothers,children and the state respectively.This development enhanced not only father's sense of being part of the values of filial piety,charity and the fatherly way,but also their identity as"fathers"in a post-war society.