时间副词“曾经”与“已经”

On the Two Time Adverbs "cengjing" and "already"

一、"曾经"只表过去的已然态,时间一般不在最近,但与时间词共现时时间的远近不受限制,它只能与表示过去的时间词语或提示性时间短语共现。"已经"表过去的已然,时间在不久以前,但与时间词共现时时间的远近不受限制;也表现在的已然;并能与表示过去、现在、将来的时间短语或提示性时间短语共现,与特殊将来时间副词"将要、快要"共现时表未然态。二、"曾经"、"已经"与体态副词、助词的共现。三、"曾经"、"已经"与否定副词的共现。

The main conclusion of this article is about the two adverbs'feature.The adverb'cengjing'is only used in expressing the state of having be accomplished in a past period.The implied time related to it is generally not about a time not long ago,uless it appears with some time noun,which must be concerning about the past or have instructive functions.On the contrary,in expressing the past-accomplished state,'al- ready'often concerns about the recent time,but also becomes free under the circumstance of co-appearing with time noun,or instructive words.The two words distinguish most at that'Already'has other usage of expressing the present-accomplished state,and expressing the un-accomplished state with the time adverbs such as'Jiangyao''Kuaiyao'(be about to).The author also examines the two words under the the condi- tion of co-appearance with the tense adverbs,the aspect particles and the negative adverbs.