卑微者的不朽方式——关于《祝福》的心理学阐释

The New Year's Sacrifice Interpreted from a Psychological Perspective

祥林嫂按照道理而活着的命题只涉及人之存在的被动性 ,即她是具体历史、社会和文化的产物 ,而并未彰显其在存在论上的全部意义。事实上 ,在人之存在的自我构成上 ,祥林嫂和阿 Q是可以平分秋色的 ,这涉及到被奴役的内部发生学问题。如果说阿 Q是存在论上的“精神分裂症”患者的话 ,祥林嫂则是存在论上的“抑郁症”患者 ,因为从对压迫性生活的贴附中 ,她也曾寻找到某种“趣味”。其临死前对地狱的追问则构成了《祝福》这篇小说的“亮色”

The Proposition that Ms Xianglin led a life strictly within the bounds of decency merely concerns the notion of passivity conditional on worldly existence. In other words, she was nothing but a creature of a specific historical, social and cultural environment, and her life did not mirror the full extent of existentialism. In actual fact, both Ms Xianglin and A'Q can be given the credit for the possession of a self structure ensuring one's social and biological survival. This, of course, is a topic inseparable from such a branch of psychological embryology as deals especially with the mentality of the oppressed. Given the proposition that A' Q be diagnosed as a 'schizo' in an existentialistic sense, Ms Xianglin might well be diagnosed as a 'melancholiac' in the same sense, because even in a life characterized by a subservient dependence, she could still find out some interesting qualities. The inquiries she posed her soul at her deathbed can be regarded as the 'light heralding dawn' that is shed from Lu Xun's The New Year's Sacrifice.