交际途径若干问题探讨

About Several Issues of Communicative Approach

交际能力理论、交际途径原则是现代语言学尤其是社会语言学发展的产物。交际能力理论、交际途径原则促使外语教学研究从以教学方法为中心转向以学习过程为中心 ,促使外语教学的重点从句子水平的形式准确上升到语篇水平的意义流利 ,从而引起了外语教学理论的革命和外语教学实践的飞跃。交际途径是外语教学的一种大纲设计法 ,是以培养交际能力为最终目的的外语教学原则。交际能力的内涵决定了交际途径可以成为不同外语教学流派的汇合点 ,可以成为语法词汇大纲与功能意念大纲之间的一种折衷。探索交际途径教学的策略和方法的突破点在于 ,如何在外语教学实践中妥善处理语言能力和交际能力的关系。将来形成的占主导地位的教学策略和方法应该是以培养交际能力为最终目的的、个性化的、多样化的、折衷化的。

Communicative competence theory and communicative approach principles, fruits of the development of modern linguistics, especially social linguistics, impel foreign language teaching research to transfer from teaching method focus to learning process focus and the focal point of foreign language teaching to ascend from form accuracy on the sentence level to meaning fluency on the discourse level, and thereby set off a revolution in the theory of and a great leap forward in the practice of foreign language teaching. Communicative approach is a way of syllabus design and principles of foreign language teaching that take communicative competence as the ultimate goal. The intension of communicative competence determines that communicative approach can be a meeting point for various schools of foreign language teaching and a kind of eclecticism between grammar-vocabulary syllabuses and functional-notional syllabuses. The breakthrough point in exploring communicative approach strategies and methods lies in an appropriate disposal of linguistic competence and communicative competence in foreign language teaching and learning. The leading EFL strategies and methods to be formed in future need to be personalized, varied and eclectic in nature and take communicative competence as the ultimate purpose.