太湖地区饮用水微囊藻毒素与小学生肝功能关系的流行病学调查

Epidemiological Study on Microcystins in Drinking Water and Liver Function of Students Living along Taihu Lake

目的 研究微囊藻毒素 (MC)对居住于有毒蓝藻水华频繁爆发的太湖周边城市居民肝功能的影响。方法 在江苏省无锡市选择饮水类型不同的 3个小学 ,随机整群抽取研究人群 ,其中符合条件的 2 48名学生作为研究对象。对研究对象所在地区的不同类型饮用水MC含量进行调查以确定人群MC的暴露水平。检测人群血清乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)生物标志物 ,以及谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、γ 谷氨酰转肽酶 (GGT)和碱性磷酸酶 (AP)的活性。结果 研究地区自来水厂水源水和饮用水存在MC污染 ;3组人群HBV感染状况差别无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;3组人群血清ALT、GGT和AP活性虽然在正常范围以内 ,但差异存在统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而且肝脏酶学指标活性与饮水MC暴露等级之间呈线性趋势。结论 长期饮用MC污染的水可能对人群肝功能有影响。

Purpose: To study the effect of microcystins(MC) on the liver fuction of population that living along Taihu Lake, in which toxic cyanobacterial bloom happens frequently. Methods: A serum epidemiological study was carried out in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Three elementary schools with different types of drinking water were selected. Totally 248 eligible students were randomly clustered investigated. Blood samples were collected and tested for serum HBsAg and HBeAg with enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay and for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase(AP) activity by colorimetry. The MC contents in different types of drinking water were also tested for evaluating the level of MC exposure. Results: Microcystins were detected in source and drinking water samples in the research areas. There were no HBV infectious status difference existed among the groups(P>0.05). Within the normal limits, the ALT, GGT and AP activity were significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05), and a linear trend could be found between MC exposure rank and the liver enzyme activity. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to MC in drinking water may have adverse effects on the liver function.