摘要
外语习得的研究应主要研究成功的学习者:考查学习者的学习动机、学习机会和学习能力三方面。动机是学习者从事外语学习的根据,是影响外语习得的最重要因素,多数外语学习者的动机是交际需求和对外语国家态度综合作用的结果。外部环境提供的学习机会中,正规教学并非必须,语言材料也应当适合学习者的自然习得机制。学习能力方面主要分析语言认知的一些特点,理清个性及年龄对外语习得的影响,并归纳成功学习者的一些策略。对学习者因素的分析,可为调整我们外语教学的方式方法提供新的思路。
Researches of foreign language acquisition should concentrafe on successful lan- guage learners,i.e.,on their motivation,opportunities and competence.Motivation is the most important factor which drives learners to learn.For most foreign language learn- ers,it is the integrated action of the need to communicate and their attitudesto the coun- tries which speak the language.Among opportunities from external learning environ- ments,formal teaching is not a must,and materials should fit learners' acquisition device. Learners' competence stresses characteristics of linguistic cognition,influences of learners' characters and age on the acquisition,and sums up successful learners' strategies.Analy- ses of these learners factors can provide us new thoughts about adjusting our foreign lan- guage teaching and learning.
