上海市放射诊疗发展趋势与医疗照射防护研究

A Trend Study on Radiodiagnosis and Radiotherapy and Radiological Protection for Medical Exposure in Shanghai

概要归纳与评述了国内外各类放射诊疗迅速发展的动态,以及所致医疗照射应用频率剧增的新进展;进而总结上海市"十一五"期间医疗照射水平调查研究所揭示的新趋势;据此分析提出有效强化医疗照射防护的五方面新启示。显然,X射线诊断、介入放射学、核医学、放射肿瘤学等放射诊疗已成为现代医学不可或缺的重要手段,同时也显著增加了公众因健康体检和疾病诊治需要而接受的各类医疗照射。上海市仅施行X射线诊断业务的医疗机构至2010年已增至1 279家,是1998年的2.1倍多;而拥有的X射线诊断设备总数增加了57.7%,其中X-CT净增131.9%。至2009年,X射线诊断的医疗照射年频率达780.44人次/千人口,比1996年增加58.3%;其中X-CT检查大幅度增加了317.1%。而2008年相比于1996年,临床核医学诊断和放射性核素治疗分别净增了139.4%和210.6%;肿瘤放射治疗则增加了59.9%。上海市率先在我国大陆31省、自治区、直辖市中自主开展了"十一五"期间医疗照射水平的调查研究,适时掌握了各类放射诊疗及其所致医疗照射的发展趋势,从而为有效加强医疗照射防护奠定了坚实基础;并且为合理规划与利用医疗资源提供科学依据;同时很有利于促进放射诊疗事业更加健康地发展以追求趋利避害而造福于民。

This paper reviews the rapid development of various types of Radiodiagnosis and Radiotherapy in China and aboard,which leads to a dramatic increase of application frequency of medical exposure.Then summaries the trend found through the investigation on the medical exposure levels during the Eleventh Five-year Plan in Shanghai. According to the above analysis,suggestions to strengthen the medical exposure protection are proposed. When the X-ray diagnosis,interventional radiology,nuclear medicine and radiation oncology become indispensable means to modern medicine,the public exposure due to health examinations and disease diagnosis or treatments has been institutions undergoing X-ray diagnosis in Shanghai by the year of 2010,2. 1 more times of that in 1998. During this period,the total number of X-ray diagnosis equipment increased by 57. 7%,and the number of X-CT scanners increased by 131. 9%. The annual application frequency of X-ray diagnosis was 780. 44 person·time for per 1 000 population in 2009. Compared with the data in 1996,the total frequency increased by 58. 3%,and the frequency of X-CT scans increased 317. 1%. In clinical nuclear medicine,compared with the data in1996,the annual application frequencies increased by 139. 4% and 210. 6% for diagnosis and therapy in2008,respectively. In the field of radiation oncology,the annual frequency also increased by 59. 9%during the same period. Shanghai pioneered the survey on medical exposure levels during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period in China,and has accumulated a lot of valuable new information and mastered the development trends of medical exposure. This work lays a solid foundation for effectively strengthening the radiation protection from medical exposure,provides a scientific basis for the rational planning and utilization of health care resources. Meanwhile,this work is also very useful for promoting the healthy development of radiology career while avoiding disadvantages and to the benefit of the people.