“明知故问”言语行为的语用推论及理解

Pragmatic Inferences and Understanding of “Knowingly Asking” as a Speech Act

"明知故问"作为发话人的一种言语行为,不仅具有表示某种特定言语行为和言外之意的作用,同时具有委婉礼貌和增强表达效果的语用功能。听话人要理解"明知故问",除需要特定的交际语境之外,还需要对交际双方的"权势"和"距离"等因素做出推断。"明知故问"作为发话人的一种交际策略广泛应用于日常言语交际中,其语用含意所具有的"可推导性"和"可取消性"是理解此类语言现象的关键。

In Pragmatics, 'knowingly asking'was traditionally viewed as a speech act by the speaker, which functions not only as a certain speech act and conversational implicature, but also as a euphemistic and emphatic Pragmatic device. If the hearers are to understand the 'knowingly asking', they need to understand the communication context, as well as inferring the 'power'of and 'distance'between the communication parties. As a kind of communicative strategy, 'knowingly asking' is widely applied in daily verbal communication. The key to understand this kind of linguistic phenomenon lies in the fact that its pragmatic implicature can be deduced and cancelled.