语境对话语信息的补足

The Role of Context in Compensating Utterance Information

语境信息是制约和影响言语交际的重要因素之一 ,无论是口语还是书面语 ,接受者对表达者话语中的省略成分和潜在信息 ,要达到表层和深层的完全理解 ,都不能不依赖语境信息去补足。在补足理解的过程中 ,语言语境利用语言要素 ,把省略成分内部信息的提示线索 ,扩展成丰富的语用信息 ,非语言语境外延很广 ,它们往往只有一部分对省略成分起着补足作用 ;潜在信息是潜藏于编码形式之内或之外的信息 ,有时它可以通过语言语境去传递和补足 ,有时 ,它又必须通过语言编码形式同非语言语境的联系才能理解。语言语境对话语的补足呈现出单一性、局部性、言辞性等特点 ,非语言语境则具有丰富性、多层性、可变性等特点。

Contextual information is one the important factors for regulating and influencing verbal communication. Whether it is the spoken or written form, the hearer must resort to contextual information for the full understanding of the elliptical constituents and implied message intended by the speaker. In the compensatory understanding, the linguistic context, with reference to the linguistic elements, turns the clues of the omitted message into a variety of pragmatic information. The non-linguistic plays a partial role in making up the elliptical elements. The implied message is the information that underlies the encoding forms which sometimes conveys message in the linguistic context, and which at times can only be understood through the relation between the linguistic means of encoding and non-linguistic context. Therefore, the linguistic, in compensating for utterance meaning, shows the feature of being unitary, partial and verbal, while non-linguistic context boasts richness, multi-facet and variability.