历史现象与历史认识论

Historical Phenomenon and Historical Epistemology

“透过现象看本质”一直被视为认识论的经典思维 ,它预设了一种主体与客体、现象与本质等范畴的先验性存在 ,认识直接就是主体对客体绝对本质的认识。但是得益于康德现象学认知的马克思历史认识论则一举粉碎了这种认识的直接性 ,提出了一个意义重大的认识论命题 :认识主体与客体并非是一种先验性的存在 ,而是一种历史性的存在。与此相连 ,认识主体与客体是一同作用于人的认知结果的。这就要求一种革命的批判的实践介入其中 ,摒弃认识理性的原子式的个人直观及其虚假优先性 。

Searching for the truth of knowledge had been known as a foundation stone of traditional epistemology. A priori presupposition, according to this epistemology, was the dichotomy between subject and object, representation and its essence. Actually such knowledge was innocent knowledge that meant the truth of knowledge of what was apprehended by subject was identity of the nature of object. However, this traditional epistemology was denied by Marx's historical epistemology that derived from Kant's phenomenological critique. All predicaments, including epistemological predicaments, were not transcendental, Marx argued, but historical. All our knowledge is the product of actions of both of subject and object. Hence historical epistemology asked for a media between subject and object. In Marx's opinion, the media should be revolutionary critical practice. It was capable of reaching social intuition by abandoning atomic perception and its pseudo transcendentalism.