“事实查明”模式与“权利保障”模式的融合——论证人出庭制度的功能定位

The Combination of “Fact-Finding” Mode and “Rights Protection” Mode:On the Functional Positioning of Witnesses in Court

证人出庭率低是我国刑事审判实践中的一项顽疾,也是近年来庭审实质化所力图改变的现象。不过,我国证人出庭作证制度历经数次变革,却依然属于一种"事实查明"模式,即证人出庭的功能为增强法庭事实查明的能力,而不关注证人出庭的对质权保障功能。在上述功能导向下,法官任意决定证人不出庭以及庭前证言缺乏法律限制等问题就无法得到根本解决。要想真正地改变证人不出庭的现状,应当调整证人出庭的功能定位,在事实查明这一功能之外,强调其对质权保障功能,以实现"事实查明"模式与"权利保障"模式的融合。

The low rate of witness’ court appearance is a big problem that the reform of substantive trial trying to solve. However,the system of witness testifying in court has been going through several reforms in China,but it still remains a 'fact-finding'model,that is,the function of witness appearing in court is to enhance the role of fact finding in court,but not to guarantee the cross-examination right of the accused. As a consequence,the problems such as the decision-making mode of the witness’ s appearance and the lack of legal restrictions on pretrial testimony cannot be solved. In order to solve the problem of none appearance witness,the aimed function of witnesses’ appearance in court should be adjusted. Besides the fact-finding,to guarantee the right of cross-examination should be emphasized to realize the integration of the mode of factfinding and the mode of rights protection.