监察权的法理思考

Jurisprudential Analysis about Right of Supervision

《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》和《中华人民共和国监察法》所确立的监察权,在法律上第一次实现了对所有行使公权力的公职人员的监察全覆盖。监察委员会所行使的监察权,与国家权力机关的监督权、人民检察院的法律监督权一起构成了国家监督权的新体系,是国家监督权顶层设计的重大创新。行使公权力的公职人员依法依规接受监督,是"有权就有责,用权受监督"的法治要求,也是"权力受托"的法理所在。监察委员会与党的各级纪律检查机关合署办公,既依法监察所有公职人员,也依党纪政纪开展"正风肃纪",具有宪法地位和法定职责的监察委员会因此成为具有法律属性和政治属性的国家机构,监察权也因此成为具有鲜明政治属性的国家监督权。行使监察权依法受制约和监督的制度安排,与行使其他公权力一样,蕴含了"防止滥用权力,就必须以权力制约权力"的法理。

Under constitutional amendment and supervision law,exercising power must be supervised.Supervisory power,along with the supervision authority of national power organ and the power of legal supervision of the procuratorate,all constitute the new system of national supervision authority.And this is a significant innovation of the top-level design of national supervision authority.That'power means responsibility'and'exercising power is supervised',are requirements of rule of law,and also the legal principle of'power entrusted'.Due to supervisory power shall be shared by the supervisory commission and the party’s organs for discipline inspection,exercising power are supervised under laws,and'customs and discipline'are reformed under regulations.Thus,the supervisory commission,should become a state organ with legal and political attributes,supervision power would become the national supervision authority with distinct political attributes.As exercising other powers,supervisory power is also subject to restriction and supervision under laws.Therefore,the legal theory is that'for preventing the abuse of power,power must be restricted by power'.