美国《特别301报告》商业秘密问题综述与中国对策分析

Summary of Trade Secrets in the Special 301 Report of the United States and Analysis of China's Countermeasures

自1989年到2018年,美国贸易代表办公室连续30年发布《特别301报告》,对与其有贸易伙伴关系的国家及地区知识产权立法及执法状况进行年度总结,并选出不同数量的优先观察名单及观察名单予以重点关注。《特别301报告》虽然是美国一项重要的国内政治与政策手段,实质上却对其他国家(包括中国)的知识产权法治发展产生了重要的影响。尤其是该报告将商业秘密法律保护问题上升到了国家安全的战略高度,凸显了商业秘密在知识产权中的重要性。《特别301报告》对中国商业秘密法治发展有一定的推动作用,但其同时也是美国维护其经济安全和国家安全的单边霸权主义的典型体现。中国的商业秘密法治化应立足于整体国家安全观的新时代背景,根据立法、司法及企业法律风险管控体系方面的中国特色实际需要有序推进。

From 1989 to 2018,USTR has issued the'Special 301 Report'for 30 consecutive years,summarizing the IPR legislation and enforcement status of countries and regions with which USTR has trade partnerships,and selecting different Numbers of priority watch lists and watch lists to focus on.Although the'Special 301 Report'is an important domestic political and policy tool in the United States,it has actually exerted an important influence on the development of intellectual property rule of law in other countries(including China).In particular,the report elevates the legal protection of trade secrets to the strategic height of national security and highlights the importance of trade secrets in intellectual property rights.The'Special 301 Report'has a certain impetus to the development of China’s trade secrets rule of law,but it is also a typical embodiment of the unilateral hegemonism of the United States to safeguard its economic security and national security.The rule of law in China’s trade secrets should be based on the overall national security concept of the new era background.According to the actual needs of Chinese characteristics in the legislative,judicial and corporate legal risk management systems,orderly advancement.