论外逃人员缺席审判的三重关系

On Three Kinds of Relationship in the Criminal Trial in Absentia of the Fleeing Abroad Corrupt Officials

2018年新修正的《刑事诉讼法》增设了外逃人员缺席审判程序,围绕该程序的运作需要在三个层面理清三对关系。其一,在刑事诉讼法'编'的层面,该法第5编特别程序应与前4编的普通程序相互衔接,外逃人员缺席审判的审前阶段应当适用普通程序的有关规定,但鉴于犯罪嫌疑人可能审前'不在案'的特殊情况,诸如取证和辩护权的保障应有所调整。其二,在刑事诉讼特别程序中'章'的层面,外逃人员缺席审判与犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件违法所得没收程序并非完全的包容关系。两者在涉案财产的处理上有不同的适用范围,同时存在着内在程序的转向衔接。其三,在缺席审判不同'类'的层面,外逃人员缺席审判与被告人身患严重疾病缺席审判、被告人死亡缺席审判之间相互独立。外逃人员缺席审判有着独立的诉讼结构和审判程序,后两种缺席审判系普通程序处置审判障碍时的诉讼措施,实为普通程序的一个环节,这两类缺席审判的管辖、审判组织以及被告人诉讼权利的保障主要应遵循普通审判程序的相关规定。

The criminal trial in absentia of the fleeing abroad corrupt officials has been added in the newly revised Criminal Procedure Law of 2018.There are three kinds of relationship which need to be sorted out in the practical operation of the procedure.First,at the'Part'level of the Criminal Procedure Law,the Part V'special procedures'should be linked to the first four parts of the'ordinary procedures'.The pre-trial of the absent trials for the fleeing abroad corrupt officials shall apply the relevant provisions of the ordinary procedures.However,in view of the special circumstances in which criminal suspects may be'out of case'before the trial,the power of taking evidence and the protection of the right to defense should be adjusted.Second,in the'Chapter'level of the special procedure of criminal proceedings,the'confiscation procedures for illegal income in cases where a criminal suspect or defendant escapes or dies'and the'procedure for trial in absentia of the fleeing abroad corrupt officials'are not completely inclusive.These two procedures have different scopes of application in the handling of the property involved,and a procedural connection relation.Third,in the absent trials of different'Types',the absent trial for the fleeing abroad corrupt officials and for the defendant who is unable to appear before court for suffering a serious illness or the defendant died are independent relations.The absent trial for the fleeing abroad corrupt officials has its own independent litigation structure and trial procedures,and the latter two types are only a part of the ordinary procedure when dealing with trial obstacles,which should mainly follow the relevant provisions such as the jurisdiction,trial organization and the protection of the defendant’s litigation rights in the ordinary trial procedure.