我国网络犯罪立法的体系性评价与反思

The Systematic Evaluation and Reflection on the Criminal Legislation for Cybercrimes in China

我国《刑法》中的网络犯罪罪名体系经历了不断拓展的三个发展阶段,体现出了回应性扩张、预防性前置、概括开放性的特点。虽然我国网络犯罪立法积极回应实践难题,整体上契合网络刑事治理的发展,但是仍存在诸多值得反思之处。网络犯罪体现出复杂而多元的法益属性,兼具公共性、秩序性与个体性的多重特征,将其置于《刑法》第6章第1节之下并不恰当。现有网络犯罪罪名体系存在刑法保护范围不周延、罪名之间相互交叉重合的现象。近年来的网络犯罪立法并没有对明确性原则给予充分重视,引发了正当性危机和司法适用争议。面对上述问题,在法教义学的努力之外,应当从宏观层面重构网络犯罪罪名篇章结构、严密刑事保护法网,在微观层面理顺罪名关系、细化罪状表述。

The criminal legislation for cybercrimes in China has experienced three different stages,and possesses the characters of responsive expansion,preventive advancement,and generalized openness.Although this legislation responses actively to the practical difficulties,accords with the development of criminal governance in cyberspace,it has still many problems remained to be solved.Firstly,the legal interest violated by cybercrimes is complex and pluralistic,which relates not only to the social order and public security but also the individual rights.It is not suitable to locate the articles for cybercrimes in chapter VI section 1 of criminal code.Secondly,the current protection scope of articles for cybercrimes is not complete,while these articles overlap with each other.Lastly,there exists also the problem of vagueness in legislative formulation,which leads to crisis of legitimacy and controversy in judicial application.In view of the above problems,in addition to the dogmatic interpretation,it is necessary to rebuild the legislative structure of cybercrimes,complete the scope of legal protection,improve the inner logic of articles,and refine the legislative formulation.