劳动者集体行动的法律规制——以正当性判断为核心

The Legal Regulation of Workers' Collective Action:with the Legitimacy Judgment at Its Core

集体行动权不是一项"绝对性"权利,其内容、边界及限制应由国内法规范决定。我国劳动者集体行动的法律规制,需要在尊重社会发展阶段和集体劳动关系成熟度的基础上,于"赋权"与"制约"中不断衡量进行制度选择。集体行动法律规制的核心路径是基于对主体、目的、程序以及手段正当性判断的法律免责。主体正当性判断应在"劳动三权"理论框架中保持集体争议权行使主体与集体谈判权主体的一致性;目的正当性判断应在集体谈判维持、改善、提高劳动条件和其他经济条件的目标框架内;程序正当性应履行"和平义务"、遵守"最后手段原则"以及"共同决议原则"与"公平原则";手段正当性应谨守"禁止过度原则",并以消极性和非暴力为手段。

The right to collective action is not an 'absolute' right, and its content, boundary and limitation should be determined by the norms of domestic law. The legal regulation of workers’collective action needs to make institutional selection in 'empowerment' and 'restriction' on the basis of respecting the stage of social development and maturity of collective labor relations. The core path of the legal regulation of collective action is based on the legal exemption of legitimacy judgment of subject, purpose, procedure and means. The judgment of subjectivity legitimacy should keep the consistency between the subject of collective dispute rights and collective bargaining rights in the theoretical framework of 'labor three rights';the judgment of objective legitimacy should be in the framework of the objective of maintaining, improving and increasing the labor and other economic conditions in collective bargaining;the legitimacy of procedure should fulfill the 'obligation of peace', observe the 'principle of last means', the 'principle of joint resolution' and the 'principle of fairness';the legitimacy of the means should adhere to the principle of 'prohibition of excess' and take the passive and non-violent means.