著作权转换性使用的本土法释义

Transformative Use Interpretation in China Copyright Law

著作权转换性使用系美国法官造法的产物,在我国被法院直接用来缓解合理使用穷尽式列举类型不足的问题。由于未能廓清转换性使用的概念和适用范围,导致实务中合理使用条款的判定标准模糊,同时引发了我国合理使用未来立法选择的争议,因此有必要从比较法中发掘转换性使用的本土化意义,通过回溯其造法源起和适用目的,明确界定转换性适用在本土法上的构成要件,并基于我国合理使用的现有立法构造,提炼出符合"三步检验法"的解释规则,将转换性使用纳入我国著作权法"评论或说明问题"类的合理使用中,并辅以《著作权法实施条例》第21条对合理使用法定类型适用的限定,可以为网络环境下大量借助既有作品的创作行为提供合法性保护,也能避免合理使用范围的扩大而造成弱化著作权经济激励的弊端。

As the result of the U. S. case law tradition, transformative use has been transplanted into China by the court without any statute law basis. Transformative use is used to deal with the problem of lacking limitations,which caused by the closed catalogue of limitation and exception rules in China copyright law. However,transformative use that directly used in the trial not only disrupts the fair use standard in China copyright law application, but also confused the fair use law making for the next copyright law in China. For this purpose,the essential meaning of transformative use should be uncovered by a comparative analysis. Then it is necessary to construct a suitable interpretation based on the local fair use tradition and 'three-step test', in order to protect the appropriation and user-generated content in digital era, and prevent a too-excessive application of limitations and exceptions.