特殊情况下悬高测量改进方法及精度分析

Improvement method and accuracy analysis of suspended height measurement in special cases

为了精确测量电视塔尖、穿越河流输电线路等建筑物的高度,利用悬高测量的基本原理,建立了单向观测法、对向观测法两种改进测量方法的数学模型,阐述了2种测量方法的作业模式,推导了中误差公式,分析和评价了竖直角、距离、仪器高、两点高差等因素对测量精度的影响程度,最后对2种方法进行了野外实地观测.结果表明:两种改进方法操作简便,观测精度高,能够满足特殊情况下高度测量的精度要求,具有推广应用价值.

In order to accurately measure the altitude of TV spires,high-altitude electric transmission lines that cross-over river,and other buildings,using the basic principle of suspended height measurement,a mathematical model for measurement of two improved methods,the one-way observation method and the opposite observation method,was established.Based on these two measurement methods,the operation mode was expounded,the medium error formula was derived,and the degree of influence of vertical angle,distance,instrument height,and two-point height difference on measuring accuracy was analyzed and evaluated.Finally,the two methods were tested in the field.The result show that the two improved methods are easy to operate with high observation accuracy,which can meet the accuracy requirements of most height measurements in special cases,and have the value of promotion and application.