半干旱地区玉米的水肥空间耦合效应研究

Effect of Spacial Coupling Between Irrigation Water and Fertilizer on Corn in Semiarid Area

在半干旱地区的杨凌 ,通过对大田夏玉米在拔节期和抽雄期进行灌溉水和氮肥的不同数量和空间耦合处理 ,研究了不同耦合方式对玉米生理特性和产量的影响及其节水效果 ,结果表明 :在全生育期灌水量为 112 5 m3/ hm2和 60 0m3/ hm2 的水平下 ,均匀施肥交替灌水、水肥同区交替灌水、水肥异区交替灌水 3种水肥空间耦合方式的产量之间不存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;玉米全生育期灌水量从 2 2 5 0 m3/ hm2下降到 60 0 m3/ hm2 ,玉米产量下降幅度小于 15 .2 6% ;在相同灌水量下 ,水肥异区交替灌水和水肥同区交替灌水的根系活力、光合速率、产量和灌溉水利用效率较高 ;在试验范围内 ,灌水量越高 ,水分利用效率越低。以上结果表明 ,在杨凌地区夏玉米生产中仍有较大的节水潜力 ;在试验条件下 ,每次灌水 5 62 .5m3/ hm2 。

Field experimentation of different spacial couplings of different amounts of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.) at the stages of earing and jointing was carried out in Yangling lo cated in a semiarid area. The results indicated that (1) there was little difference between the treatments of alternate irrigation with even fertilizing, alternate irrigation with fertilizing in the irrigated furrow and alternate irrigation with fertilizing in the unirrigated furrow under two amounts of irrrigation water, 1 125 m 3/hm 2 and 600 m 3/hm 2; (2) the yield decreased less than 15.26% as the amount of irrigation water of the whole growth season decreased from 2 250 m 3/hm 2 to 600 m 3/hm 2; (3) the physiological indexes, yield and water use efficiency of the treatment of alternate irrigation with fertilizing in the irrigated furrow and alternate irrigation with fertilizing in the unirrigated furrow, were higher than other treatments; (4) more irrigation water resulted in lower water use efficiency. Results of this research suggest that there is great potential to save irrigation water in corn production in Yangling. It was shown that alternate irrigation with fertilizing in the irrigated furrow and alternate irrigation with fertilizing in the unirrigated furrow with an irrigation level of 562.5 m 3/hm 2 is more effective than other methods of coupling.