陆地棉芽黄品系在棉花杂种优势上的利用研究

A Comprehensive Report of Studies on Utilization of Heterosis of Virescent Strains in Upland Cotton

我室以陆地棉芽黄突变品系作为指示性状，对品种间Ｆ＿１杂种优势利用效应的研究已连续进行了三轮四次试验，都表明芽黄品系与常规品种间的杂种Ｆ＿１具有明显的杂种优势。Ｆ＿１的产量结构和常规品种的相类似，铃数、铃重和衣分等三个主要产量构成因素中，铃数对产量的直接贡献最大，其次是衣分和铃重。７月１５日～８月１０日间的棉铃脱落率对产量和产量构成因素有一定影响。配合力效应分析表明，特殊配合力高的杂交组合有较高的杂种优势，而特殊配合力效应伍与一般配合力有密切相关关系，即双亲一般配合力高的，杂种Ｆ１优势也高。试验结果证明，陆地棉芽黄品系在杂种优势利用中有一定增产作用，并有其标记基因效应。

Studies on the utilization of virescent strains as gene markers in heterosis havebeen conducted for 4 times in 3 years successively.It indicated that significant heterosisexists in hybrids between certain virescent strains and normal cultivars.The yield compo-nents of F_1 hybrids resemble those of the normal cuItivars.Among three yielding compo-nents,boll number,boll weight and lint percent,boll number renders the maximun roleto the yield potential,the successive components are lint percent and boll weight.The bollshedding percent occurring between July 15 to August 10 affects the yields and yield com-ponents significantly.Combining ability and its efficiency analysis indicated that SCA val-ue keeps close relation to that of GCA. Generally,both parents with high GCA valuesmay give rise to high heterosis in F_1.Several combinations with desirable yielding poten-tial and fiber qualities were identified.