法国:从中央集权走向地方分权

The France:from the Centralization to the Decentralization

法国是传统的中央集权的单一制国家,中央集权的政府形态有利于法国现代国家的形成,并保证国家的统一和完整。地方政府处于中央政府的严格监管之下,自主权限很小。随着民主政治和经济发展的要求,法国从20世纪80年代开始实行地方分权,迄今历经三次重大改革,初步厘清中央和各级地方行政机构之间的职权分配,建立起中央和地方之间尊重、分担和对话的良好关系。

Traditionally,France had been a centralized unitary country.Such form of governance was conducive to the formation of a modern France,ensuring the unity and integrity of the country.The local governments of France were strictly supervised by the central government and had very limited autonomy.With the evolution of democratic politics and the development of the economy,starting from the 1980 s,France began the decentralization process.Initial achievements have been realized with three major reforms.Respective roles and authorities of the central and local administrations are clearly defined,establishing sound relations of mutual respect,responsibility sharing and constant dialogue between the central and local governments.