魁北克与法国(1870-1914):一场关于传统性和现代性的跨洋对话

Representations of France in Quebec(1870-1914):Interatlantic Discourses on Tradition and Modernity

本文旨在研究1870年至1914年间法裔加拿大知识分子群体通过学术对话、文化传播和集体想象等方式构建出的多种法国形象。研究表明,法裔加拿大人心目中的法国形象反映出上述特定时期内的思想潮流并鼓舞魁北克政治、文化和宗教界人士积极参与社会活动。他们对法国的看法具有两面性,这种矛盾就是旧制度法兰西和法国第三共和国的对立。而以上两种相互冲突的视角为知识分子所用:他们针砭时弊、畅想未来,在法兰西民族内部讨论传统性和现代性的地位究竟孰高孰低。总之,在该段时期内,无论是教皇权力至上主义者还是共和自由派,无论是法国还是魁北克的学者,都加入这场跨洋对话并构成一张知识分子对话网络。该对话机制硕果累累:人们的观点碰撞会加强对法兰西形象的挖掘;身份认同的探索会为未来打开视野;民族轮廓的勾勒会让法国或者魁北克认识到自身的政治意图,让法兰西民族掌控立法权,满足当时社会、政治和文化的行为主体需求。

This article analyses the various representations of France thoughts,expressed and manifested in the French Canadian discourses,the culture and the collective imaginary between 1870 and 1914.Our study shows that the representations of France in French Canada reflect the ideological trends,inspire the thought of the various political,social,religious and cultural actors and nourish their actions.They take the form of a symbolic dualism based on two antagonistic visions of France,the Ancien régime and the Troisième Republique which act as a resource available by allowing intellectuals to make a critique of society,promote a future horizon and offer a political alternative to their compatriots based on attachment to tradition or modernity.Finally,during the period that we have studied,a network of intellectuals on both sides of the Atlantic is structured,both ultramontane and liberal,which,through fruitful dialogue,helps to strengthen these representations,to reinforce a vision for the future and to legitimize a society project for France or Quebec.