论哲学话语的历史流变

The Historical Development of Philosophical Discourse

研究哲学话语的变化 ,是考察哲学历史发展的另一个思路。从古代到现代 ,哲学话语的演变大致经历了四个时代 :人类的早期哲学话语是“儿童话语”,以“儿童话语”为主流的时代是哲学的“童话”时代 ;随后出现的是“神秘话语”,以“神秘话语”为主流的时代是哲学的“神话”时代 ;欧洲文艺复兴时期的哲学话语是“人文话语”,这一时代可以称为哲学的“人文”时代 ;从近代哲学开始 ,“权力话语”泛滥 ,哲学力图裁判和主宰人们的精神生活 ,这一时期是哲学的“官话”时代。哲学话语的流变 ,既是人类生活发展变化的反映 ,也是哲学语言游戏规则变化的见证。今天人们说的“哲学危机”,不是整个哲学的危机 ,而是“官话哲学”的危机。未来的哲学话语当以“生活话语”或“实践话语”为主流 ,是“实话”哲学的时代。

Studying the changes of philosophical discourse is another way to investigate the development of philosophical history. The evolution of philosophical discourse has experienced four periods from ancient to present day: the preliminary philosophical discourse of human being was the 'children discourse', which marked a 'fairy tales' times of philosophy; later emerged the 'mysterious discourse', which brought into the 'myth' times of philosophy; the 'philosophical discourse' during the period of European Renaissance was the 'humane discourse', which was also called the 'humane' times of philosophy; from modern times, philosophical 'power discourse' became popular, it tried to judge and control people's spirit life, which was 'official jargon' times of philosophy. The development of philosophical discourse are both the reflection of human life changes, and the witness of game rules changes in philosophical language. Now, when we discuss the 'philosophical crisis', we don't refer to the crisis of the whole philosophical field, but the crisis of the 'official jargon'. The future philosophical discourse should take the 'living discourse' or 'practical discourse' as its mainstream, which belongs to a 'truth' philosophical times.