现代飞机用特种纤维及其复合材料的最新进展

Latest Development of Specialty Fibers and Its Composites for Modern Aircraft

近年来,波音和空客这两家大型飞机制造商的新机型均通过加大特种纤维及其复合材料的用量,实现了轻量化、节能化、高速化、少排放且安全性更高;而军用飞机和无人机中,特种纤维的用量日益增大,碳纤维复合材料的占比越来越高。文章重点介绍了现代民航机用结构材料,内饰件和内部器件、轮胎、电池系统、电机绝缘材料以及无人机、军机和临近空间飞行器等所用特种纤维及复合材料的最新研发和应用进展,同时提出:今后随着特种纤维及其复合材料的技术进步、品种的不断扩大以及生产成本的下降,其用量还将进一步提高。

In recent years,the new models of Boeing and Airbus,two largest aircraft manufacturers,have achieved lighter weight,energy saving,higher speed,less emissions and higher security by increasing the usage of specialty fibers and related composites.And in terms of military aircraft and drones,the usage of specialty fibers is also increasing,and the usage proportion of CFRP is higher and higher.This paper focuses on the latest developments and applications of specialty fibers and related composites used in the structures,interior trim part,interior components,tire,battery system,insulation material for motor of modern civil aircraft,drone,military aircraft,near-space vehicle,etc.And this paper also puts forward that the usage of specialty fibers and related composites will be further increased with its technological advancement,increasing variety and the decline in production costs.