腐植酸复合材料对生土熟化及黑麦草生长的效应研究

Effects Research of Compound Materials with Humic Acid on Immature Soil Maturity and Growth of Ryegrass

针对矿区废弃地复垦中覆盖生土的土壤结构性差、水肥保持能力低和土壤贫瘠等问题,采用盆栽试验方法和3因素3水平的正交试验设计,通过腐植酸、保水剂和生物炭组合,开展对生土快速熟化的改良试验研究,分析加入3种材料后对土壤物理化学性能和黑麦草生长的效应,获得3种材料改良生土的优化配比。结果证明,生土加入合适配比的腐植酸、保水剂和生物炭等材料,可在较短时间内实现土壤物理结构改良,肥力提升,3种材料优化组合下可使土壤容重由1.40 g/cm^3降低到1.17 g/cm^3,土壤密度由2.60 g/cm^3下降到2.50 g/cm^3,孔隙度由46.08%上升到59.27%;同时,p H稍有降低,碱解N提高43.50%,速效P增加到3.00 g/kg;102天盆栽种植的黑麦草株高和干重分别较对照增长50.18%和334.79%。

Pot experiment and three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment were adopted in this study focusing on poor structure,low capacity of water and fertilizer conservation,poor quality of immature soil in the abandoned mining area.Through the combination of humic acid,super absorbent polymer and biochar,the improvement experiment of quick ripening of immature soil was carried out.The effects of adding three kinds of materials on soil physico-chemical properties and ryegrass growth were analyzed,and the optimum proportion of three kinds of materials for improving immature soil was obtained.The results showed that adding compound material in immature soil with a suitable ratio among humic acid,super absorbent polymer and biochar could improve soil physical structure and soil fertility within a relatively short period of time.Using the favorite of three materials compound,the soil bulk density could decrease from 1.40 g/cm3 to 1.17 g/cm3,the soil particle density could decrease from 2.60 g/cm3 to 2.50 g/cm3,and the porosity could increase from 46.08%to 59.27%.Meanwhile,the pH was slightly reduced,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was increased by 43.50%,and available phosphorus was increased to 3.00 g/kg.The height and dry weight of ryegrass growing 102 days in pot was 50.18%and 334.79%higher than that of control treatment,respectively.