社会司法体系构建研究

The Construction of a Socio-Judicial System

党的十八届三中、四中全会对创新国家治理和加强法治社会建设作出部署,揭示了法律运行的一般规律,突出了治理的多元化、协商性、前置性等特征。本文借助法律社会学的基本理论,以法律运行为视角、以纠纷预防化解和秩序修复为主线,提出了以司法行政系统"五大工程"为主构建社会司法体系的发展构想。社会司法体系以纠纷化解为中心,向前、向后拓展形成包含纠纷预防化解、秩序修复的法律秩序建设链条,这与司法行政系统法律接受、纠纷预防、纠纷非诉解决、诉讼参与、损害修复等工作基本吻合。社会司法体系提出的创新之处在于,一是法律及法律以外的多元规则运用,二是司法活动领域延伸到了纠纷的预防、化解和秩序修复全过程,是实现转型期社会治理现代化的重要基础。

The Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC have made the policy to innovate state governance and strengthen the construction of a law-based society. This national strategy reveals the general principle governing the operation of laws and highlighted the fact that governance is a project characterized by pluralism,negotiation and pre-emptive actions. By employing the basic theories from legal sociology and from the perspective of the actual operation of laws,we propose a plan to build a socio-judicial system,which is based on the 'Five Big Projects' implemented by the judicial administrative system and mainly aims to prevent and settle disputes and maintain social order. Centering on dispute resolution,the socio-judicial system,extending backwards and forwards,can build a chain of legal order linking the dispute prevention,the dispute resolution and the maintenance of social order. This is basically in agreement with the five projects implemented by the judicial administrative system,i.e. the education of and belief in law,dispute prevention,alternative dispute resolution,judicial dispute resolution,and damage remedy. The innovation of building a socio-judicial system lies in the following two aspects: one is that multiple norms and rules other than the law are employed;the other is that the judicial activities are extended to cover the whole process of dispute prevention,resolution and order restoration.