亚麻种质脂肪酸成分差异及其相关性研究

Study on Difference and Correlation of Fatty Acid Composition between Flax Germplasm

为探明亚麻种籽油脂开发利用价值,采取索氏提取法和气相色谱法对其种籽含油量、脂肪酸成分及其相关性进行了研究分析。结果表明,亚麻种籽含油量较高,最高可达39.92%,超过36.57%的有5个品种。亚麻籽油主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸组成,其含量均值达99.09%,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为84.29%~92.25%,均值达89.36%,明显高于棉花籽油、橄榄油和大豆油;其油脂多不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸含量丰富,变幅为42.79%~57.06%,均值为49.51%,表现远高于菜籽油、大豆油、棉籽油、红花籽油、橄榄油和葵花籽油;单不饱和脂肪酸油酸则表现仅明显优于红花籽油和棉籽油。相关分析表明,亚麻籽油分与油酸、α-亚麻酸呈负相关,与亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸呈正相关;α-亚麻酸与油酸和亚油酸存在显著负相关;γ-亚麻酸与油酸、亚油酸存在正相关,其中与亚油酸达显著水平;亚油酸与油酸存在负相关。分析可见,亚麻种籽具有适宜含油量和丰富不饱和脂肪酸,其亚麻酸含量优势明显,表明优异亚麻种质对于品质育种具有重要价值,对特种食用植物油和相应高脂肪酸保健食品极具开发利用前景。

In order to investigate the development and utilization value of flax seed oil, the seed oil content, fatty acid composition and their correlation was analyzed by soxhlet extraction method and gas phase chromatography.The results showed that the oil content of flax seed was higher, up to 39.92%, of which more than 36.57% of the species reached 5. Fatty acid of flax seed oil was mainly composed of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid and the average value of total contents was 99.09%. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was84.29%~92.25%, its average value was 89.36%, which was significantly higher than that of cotton seed oil, olive oil and soybean oil. The linolenic acid content of polyunsaturated fatty acid was rich, its amplitude range was 42.79%~57.06%, of which average value was 49.51%, and they were much higher than the rapeseed oil, soybean oil, cotton seed oil, safflower oil, olive oil and sunflower oil. The oleic acid of mono unsaturated fatty acids was only significantly better than safflower seed oil and cotton seed oil. Correlation analysis showed that the oil content of flax seed was negatively correlated with oleic acid and α-linolenic acid, and positively correlated with linoleic acid andγ-linolenic acid; α-linolenic acid was significantly negative correlated with oleic acid and linoleic acid; γ-linolenic acid was positively correlated with oleic acid, linoleic acid and reached a significant level with linoleic acid. Linoleic acid was negatively correlated with oleic acid. Analysis showed that flax seed contained suitable oil content and richunsaturated fatty acids and its linolenic acid content had obvious advantages, of which excellent flax germplasm was of great value for quality breeding, development and utilization prospect of the corresponding high fatty acid health food and special edible plants oil.