外来植物红花酢浆草的遗传毒性

Genetic Toxicity of Invasive Alien Plant Oxalis corymbosa

红花酢浆草原产美洲热带地区,已被我国列为外来有害植物。为评估种植红花酢浆草的潜在生态风险,本研究应用蚕豆根尖微核技术,探讨了红花酢浆草水浸提液的遗传毒性。结果表明:红花酢浆草水浸提液对细胞有丝分裂具有化感抑制作用,对微核具有化感促进作用,且具有明显的浓度效应和时间效应;红花酢浆草水浸提液处理后的细胞中出现了微核、染色体桥、染色体断片等多种染色体畸变。因此,红花酢浆草具有明显的遗传毒性,通过水溶性化感物质影响细胞的有丝分裂和微核,并导致染色体畸变。

Oxalis corymbosa, native to tropical regions of the America, had become one of alien invasive plants in China. In order to evaluate the potential ecological risk, genetic toxicity of the aqueous extracts of Oxalis corymbosa was studied by using micronucleus test technique of Vicia faba root tip. The results showed that the aqueous extracts of Oxalis corymbosa can inhibit the mitosis of V. faba root tip cells, and stimulate the micronucleus; The aberrant chromosomes, such as micronucleus, chromosome bridge, chromosome break and so on, were observed in the treated Vicia faba root tip cells. Therefore, Oxalis corymbosa obviously has genetic toxicity, and the water-solubility allelopathic components from it have effects on mitosis, micronucleus and chromosome aberration.